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68) Word Problems

Bonds of 6, 7, 8, 9: Wholes to 20

68.1 Word Problems Wholes To 20

Mathematics

Apply the concept of part-part-whole and fluency recalling bonds, of wholes up to and including twenty, to solve addition and subtraction word problems.

The problem types are varied. The missing number is in a range of different positions.

Language

Click this link to read Teacher Notes for more information about mathematical language related to “Solving Word Problems”. These notes outline the benefits of using a using a diagrammatic approach and caution against linking key words to specific operation. 

Core Activity

Aim

To solve word problems.

Materials

An activity for individual students sitting in pairs.

Each student needs a pencil and paper.

Each pair needs:

  • One Bonds of 11 to 20: Word Problems Wholes to 20 card containing three questions. 
  • Access to one set of Bond Blocks.
Instructions

Cut the Bonds of 11 to 20: Word Problem activity board into 4 cards. 

  • Each card contains three word problems. Within each card the questions increase in difficulty. 
  • Each card also increases in difficulty. Questions 1 to 3 are easier than Questions 10 to 12. 
  • Every card contains a range of addition and subtraction problem types for a variety of wholes up to and including 5.  

Give each pair of students one problem solving card and set of blocks. Students can work independently or collaboratively. Students use Bond Blocks to support problem solving and calculation only if needed.

Many problems can be solved using a variety of calculation strategies. For example, 5 – ? = 3 can be solved by adding onto the known part (3 + ? = 5) or rearranging the subtraction  (5 – 3 = ?).

At the conclusion of the lesson select one problem. Instruct students to compare strategies used to:

  • Solve the problem. Encourage students to identify new ways of solving problems.
  • Calculate. When comparing strategies used, ask students to explain why different addition and subtraction strategies can both produce correct answers. Encourage students to identify efficient calculating strategies and justify their reasons. Examples of different solutions for each question are provided in the Bonds of 11 to 20: Word Problem Answers. 

Click to open the Bonds of 11 to 20 Word Problem Answers in a new tab.

Differentiation

A little easier

Polya’s problem solving process

Assist students who are experiencing difficulty by identifying the part of the problem solving process, as outlined by Polya, they need help with. 

Refer to page 4 onwards of the Teacher Notes “Solving Word Problems” for more information about using Polya’s Problem Solving Process and specific strategies, including Newman analysis, to support students who are experiencing difficulty. 

Click to download this poster of  Polya’s Problem Solving Process.

Scaffold support

Scaffold the type of support given to students using the Concrete-Representational-Abstract framework.

  • If students are experiencing difficulty at the abstract level using numbers and symbols ask them to represent the problem using Bond Blocks.
  • If they have difficulty at the representative level using Bond Blocks ask them to use concrete materials or drawings with one-to-one correspondence.
Word problems with diagrams
These word questions as the same as the core activity except that each question also has a mathematically correct diagram. The diagram can support students to understand the problem.  Diagrammatic support can be helpful for students with language, processing and mathematical difficulties.

Click to open the Bonds of 11 to 20 Word Problems with Diagrams in a new tab.

A little harder

Questions 10 to 12

Each card increases in difficulty. The final three questions are the most difficult.

Create word questions

Instruct students to create:

  • A word question on a blank piece of paper, for another student to answer, and
  • A matching answer page for the question they have written. 

Students can be encouraged to create word questions where

  • There are more than two parts. 
  • The unknown is not in the answer position. 

Students can then swap and solve each other’s word questions. 

Progression

In the next activities students apply Bonds of 11 to 20 to addition and subtraction of a part near ten, 9 or 11. Go to

Activity 69

Ten Plus Bonds : Near Ten, Strategy +9